February is American Heart Month, a reminder to focus on heart health and prevention. Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, and nearly half of Americans have at least one major risk factor — high blood pressure, high cholesterol or smoking — according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Prevention starts with an annual checkup. During routine visits, primary care providers monitor blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol levels, and heart and lung function to identify early signs of cardiovascular disease. Patients should report symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, unusual fatigue or swelling in the legs and feet, even if symptoms come and go. Weight, diet, exercise habits and family history also help assess risk.
Smoking is one of the most significant controllable risk factors, increasing the risk of heart disease two to four times. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can weaken the heart and blood vessels over time, raising the risk of heart attack or stroke. High blood sugar and elevated cholesterol can also damage blood vessels and contribute to plaque buildup that restricts blood flow.
Heart and vascular screenings may be recommended based on individual risk factors. These screenings can include blood tests, blood pressure checks, CT calcium scoring and vascular ultrasounds. The American College of Cardiology recommends screenings beginning around age 40 for men and 45 for women, with followup every five to 10 years for most people.
Healthy lifestyle choices remain key to protecting heart health. Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol and avoiding tobacco can significantly reduce risk.
Those with questions or concerns about heart health are encouraged to speak with their primary care provider.